Essay on Criminal Justice and Violent Female Offenders

Essay on Criminal Justice and Violent Female Offenders Essay on Criminal Justice and Violent Female Offenders Essay on Criminal Justice and Violent Female OffendersViolent crime is one of the components of the overall structure of crime, which includes offenses related to physical and psychological violence against the person, or the threat of violence. Violent crime, in a broad sense, includes all the acts in which violence is a way to abuse, and, in the narrow sense, it includes only those actions in which violence is one of the elements of criminal motivation.Violence is defined as: 1) the use of physical force to someone; 2) the use of force, forced impact on someone, something; 3) the harassment, abuse of power, lawless use of force.Not all violence is a subject of criminology, but only when it is associated with a violation of criminal law (criminal violence). There are two types of such violence:Physical abuse the infliction of physical, bodily harm to the person, up to the deprivation of his life.Psychological violence causing mental, moral damages: threats, insults, slander, blac kmail, coercion, and all kinds of restrictions on the freedom of person; and some types of fraud, psycho and economic methods.Violence is a primary or secondary means of committing so many crimes. Different countries name various groups of violent crimes:Statistical Yearbook of the United States at the federal level notes the following types of violent crimes: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault.Notifiable Offences recorded by Police of England and Wales include all kinds of crimes against the person, including, for example, an illegal abortion; sexual crimes (including pimping and bigamy) and robberies into the number of violent attacks.In Germany, the Collection of crime statistics include murder, rape, robbery, injury, poisoning, hostage-taking and extortion related to the kidnapping into violent crimes.The share of traditional forms of violent crime in its overall structure is quite small. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of law enforcement is assessed on the basis of estim ations of the most serious crimes.Murder is one of the most ancient and dangerous types of crimes. Murder is a crime in all legal systems, although, there are certain differences in understanding of what should be regarded as murder (Samaha, 2008).In 2000, the absolute number of murders in the world was more than 500 000. This number in various countries differ greatly. In most developed countries observe 1-4 murders per 100 000 population; the lowest rates were observed in Japan, Iceland, Ireland (about 0.5); the USA is a little above the middle figure (5.5). In developing countries, the murder rate is much higher, it can reach 40-50 per 100 000 population or even higher values.The most common among sexual offenses involving violence, is rape. Its danger lies in the fact that the victim is inflicted both physical and mental suffering. Rape is often associated with serious lasting effects, including infection with sexually transmitted diseases, mental illness and even suicide of a v ictim.8th Review of trends in crime, presented by the United Nations indicates that in 2001 and 2002 in the world, there were registered annually more than 250,000 rape. Characterizing the numbers of rape, it should be noted that rape has a high latency. Even in countries with a highly developed system of law enforcement, more than 80 percent of rapes are hidden from law enforcement agencies (Langton, Truman, 2014).Robbery is a forcible theft of anothers property. It is an attack the purpose of which is stealing other peoples property, committed with violence dangerous to life or health, or with threat of such violence.Aggravated assault is a stronger form of assault, often with a use of deadly weapon attempting to cause serious bodily injury to another person, cause grievous bodily harm, such as rape or kidnapping, have sexual relations with an underage person, or cause bodily harm by recklessly operating of a vehicle.In general, violent crimes are rarely committed by women: there are around 90% of male violent criminals. Women usually resort to domestic violence, especially in connection with the immoral and illegal behavior of the victim usually a spouse or cohabitant. Violent criminals are usually quite young – less then 40 years old. Crimes, related to the deprivation victim’s life and personal injury, are frequently committed by persons aged 25-29 years, rapes by persons under 25 years old.Educational and social levels of violent offenders are lower than that of other categories of offenders and general population. Typically, these individuals have relatively low skills, work in low-paid jobs or do not work.Violent criminals inherent violation of social identification and adaptation, desociolization. They hardly follow standards of society, instead assessing the situation on the basis of personal beliefs and desires. They are self-centered, have primitive needs and impulsive desire for the realization of desires and needs, not restrained by self-monitoring mechanism. Violations of socialization are manifested in difficulties in establishing contacts with other people. Such persons are characterized by psychological self-defense mechanism: they believe that the actions, they are accused for, have been provoked by victims, and they acted correctly and should not be punished. Intensity of such deviations may be different. There are many psychopaths among criminals (estimates vary from 30 to 60%) and those with borderline mental disorders.Some scientists believe that forming of personality of violent criminals depends on biological and genetic predisposition. However, commonly accepted viewpoint claims that determination of violent crime, as well as crime in general, has a predominantly social nature: the causes and conditions of crime lie in the society in which it exists (Samaha, 2008).An important place in the causal complex of many violent crimes is occupied by victim behavior of victims. This is especially characte ristic of rape, where a substantial part of the victims themselves provokes criminal sexual contact (usually frivolous behavior in the situation related to the joint use of alcohol with the rapist.Literature ReviewFemale criminality has always been perceived as a less serious issue than male criminal behavior. Historically, females tend to commit minor crimes and have amounted only a small proportion in total number of offenders. Ten though women remain a relatively small amount of all prisoners, there is a trend in rising of percentage among female offenders, their participation in crimes connected with violent, and have inhibited the increase of gender-specific programs addressing the problem (Greenfeld, Snell, 1999).Female offenders have different needs comparing to males, stemming in part from their own disproportionate victimization from physical or sexual abuse and their sense of responsibility for dependant children. Besides, they are more likely to have drug addiction and to have mental illnesses (Morash, Bynum, Koons, 1998).In general, younger females delinquent acts usually have less chronic and less serious character in comparison with boys. Minor offenses dominate among female criminals. However, minor crimes may mask serious problems that girls are facing. Running away from parents’ home and other status offenses are the main components of girls delinquency. Even though their offense behavior may appear to be not very serious, such girls may be suffering from serious problems and victimization, involving illegal behavior by relatives. That, in turn, can make them open to subsequent victimization and engage in other types of behavior that violates the law such as prostitution, survival sex and drug use (Heidensohn, Silvestri, 2012).Many risk factors contribute to females’ criminal behavior, including substance abuse, spousal abuse and mental illness. One of the most significant risk factors is considered to be prior victimization (Mor ash, Bynum, Koons, 1998).The Federal Bureau of Investigation with the help of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program collects crime and arrest statistics from more than 18,000 city, county, and state law enforcement agencies. Crime in the United States, 2012 released in November 2013 reveals the information that, during 2012:In the whole country, law enforcement made 12,196,959 arrests (traffic violations are not included).2% of them were of females (â€Å"Women and Girls in the Justice System,† 2014).According to OJJDPs (the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preventions)  Juvenile Court Statistics 2010,  released in June 2013:Courts with juvenile jurisdiction held an estimated 1,368,200 law-breaking cases in 2010.28% of them were with female offenders.In general, female delinquency caseload raised at an average rate of 2 percent per year between 1985 and 2010, while the average rate increased for less than 1 percent per year for males (â€Å"Women and Girls in the Justice System,† 2014).According to the resource of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Jail Inmates at Midyear 2013 – Statistical Tables, which shows data collected from the  Annual Survey of Jails, the number of female convicts increased by 10.9% between midyear 2010 and 2013. In same period, the male inmate population declined for 4.2%.According to OJJDP’s 2011 Survey of Youth in Residential Placement, females amounted 14% of all youth in residential placement (Ginder, 2014).The Bureau of Justice Statistics Annual Probation Survey and Annual Parole Survey provide total number of all persons supervised in the community and counts of the number entering and leaving supervision during the year on all the territory of the USA. According to provided information:In 2012, approximately 24 percent of the adults on probation were femaleIn 2012, approximately 11% of the adults on parole were femaleIn 2010, nearly 19% of the federal offenders under supervision wer e femaleBased on self-reports of violence victims, women represent about 14 percent among all violent offenders, which is an average of around 2.1 million of violent female offenders per year.There is 1 violent offender in every 9 men of 10 years old or older, a per capita rate six times that among women. In 1998, 3 out of 4 violent female criminals committed simple assault. About 28 percent of violent female offenders were juveniles, and 3 out of 4 victims of female offenders’ violence were women. Around two out of three victims had some kind of prior relationship with a female offender. An estimated four in ten women who committed violent offences were perceived by their victims as being drunk and/or under drugs while committing the crime. The per capita rate for murders committed by females in 1998 was on the lowest point recorded since 1976. In 1998, approximately 3.2 million women were arrested, considering for about 22 percent of all arrests that year. And the per capit a rate in arrest among juvenile women was about twice the adult female rate. It is worth mentioning that between 1990 and 1998, the number of the female defendants, who were convicted of felonies in courts of the United States grew at more than twice the rate of growth among male defendants. In 1998, the number of women that were under the care, supervision, or control of correctional agencies amounted 950,000. Parole agencies or probation supervised 85 percent of these criminals in the community. Women under the supervision of agencies of criminal justice system were mothers of about 1.3 million minor children. Nearly six in ten women in American prisons had experienced sexual or physical abuse in the past. Around 84,000 women were imprisoned in 1998 (Greenfeld, L. A., Snell, 1999).There have been noted some substantial differences in behavior and treatment of defendants in courts on the basis of their gender. Criminologist Frances Heidensohn says that judges and juries often have difficulties in isolating the fact that the defendant is a woman and the fact that she also can be a mother, a widow, she can be attractive, or she may cry on the stand. Besides, male and female defendants note that in court they have been encouraged to behave differently in accordance with the gender; women have been advised to show mute passivity, at the same time men have been advised to assert themselves in testimony and cross-examinations (Heidensohn, Silvestri, 2012).There are two thoughts on the issue if criminal justice system has a gender bias and if men and women are treated differently in courts and police.The first one is chivalry thesis, where chivalry is treating others, mostly women with courtesy, respect and sympathy. According to chivalry theory women are treated more leniently by the system of criminal justice than men. Male chivalry means that often police are less likely to charge females, and courts tend to give them a lighter sentence, even in situations when t hey have committed the same crimes as men.The second theory is called double deviance theory. According to this theory, criminal justice system treats women more harshly because they are guilty of being doubly deviant. They deviated from norms accepted by society by breaking the law and, at the same time, deviated from gender norms, which tell how woman should behave.Many female offenders feel that they have been treated harshly by the system of criminal justice. They perceive it as a male-dominated institution and feel their treatment has been unjust and unsympathetic (Heidensohn, Silvestri, 2012).After arrest, women more often than men are cautioned instead of being charged. They are usually not committed for trial or remanded in custody. Female offenders have more chances to be discharged or to be given a community sentence than men and less likely to be sentenced to prison or fined. Often, women sent to prison get shorter sentences than men. This information suggests that the sy stem of criminal justice does treat woman more leniently. Though, we also need to take into account the seriousness of committed crime and difference in crime history. Female offences are usually less serious and women are less likely to have criminal records (Bryant, 2011).Disparity in the treatment of criminals involved in the system of criminal justice has been the subject of a substantial number of research over the past decades. Probably, the most compelling evidence of inequality is found in the demographics among the convicts in federal and state prisons in the United States. Most of prisoners in our nations prisons are men, mostly black or Hispanic. These disparities in imprisonment rates, which have been noted for more than three decades, have made researchers to focus on the sentencing stage while criminal justice process. They also have led policymakers to search for ways in order to constrain judicial discretion while sentencing (Stacey, Spohn, 2006).Ann Martin Stacey an d Cassia Spohn wrote the work in B Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law â€Å"Gender and the Social Costs of Sentencing: An Analysis of Sentences Imposed on Male and Female Offenders in Three U.S. District Courts†. The studies show that blacks and Hispanics are more likely to receive harsher sentences than whites in similar situation, and that the sentences imposed on female offenders, including violent female offenders, are substantially more lenient than the ones imposed on their male counterparts.Studies note that gender effects of favoring female offenders over male ones occur at a significantly higher percentage than race effects of favoring white offenders over the black ones. There is one explanation for this, which suggests that women are more likely to be sentenced more leniently than men because they are often convicted of less serious offences and have less serious criminal records. Another explanation reveal judges percept women as childlike and dependent, and they wa nt to protect women from the severity of jail or prison.These explanations of gender disparity in sentencing show how important it is to control adequately for legally related indicators of crime seriousness and prior criminal record, along with the importance of taking into consideration potential connections between the gender of the offender and other legally irrelevant characteristics of the offender. We focus on interactions between the gender of the offender, his/her marital status, offenders responsibility for dependent children, and the severity of offender’s sentence (Langton, Truman, 2014).Studies, conducted by Ann Martin Stacey and Cassia Spohn found that judges and prosecutors take the gender of the offender into account, while sentencing decisions are not affected by the offenders marital status or responsibility for dependent children. Besides, females with dependent children are usually treated about the same compared to similarly situated men with dependent ch ildren in terms of length of the imposed sentence and the scale of substantial support departures. Nevertheless, although women with children were notably more likely than women without children to get substantial assistance departures, men with children didn’t get same benefit.Researchers on sentencing in federal and state courts found that female offenders were treated more leniently than male criminals. The study show, that female offenders, including violent crimes, have received approximately ten months shorter sentences than the sentences imposed on male offenders in similar situation. Women also were significantly more likely than men to get a downward departure for providing substantial assistance.Essay on   Criminal Justice and Violent Female Offenders part 2

Do you give yourself a break

Do you give yourself a break Pressure! When you are job seeking, or running a business, or possibly both, you might put a lot of pressure on yourself to keep working; take the next action step; schedule your life better; stop procrastinating; or some combination of all these things. Achieving results does require action, and there are 24 hours in a day last I checked, so it is valuable to get things done reliably and frequently. But continuously? No matter how much we might like to think we can keep going and keep doing, sometimes we just need a break. The Release Valve Where I often go for down time is Viroqua, Wisconsin, a town in the country about 100 miles from my home in the city of Madison. A little artistic oasis surrounded by farm country, Viroqua boasts a food coop and holistic healing center. I go there because, for just a couple of days, I achieve a sense of timelessness. One activity guaranteed to produce that timeless space is picking berries. I get up early and walk to the raspberry patch and there is nothing but me and the colors of ripe and ripening fruit. One berry at a time, one prickle at a time, I zone out until my collection container is full. While picking, I don’t know whether minutes or hours go by. I am present. I am happy. Achieving Timelessness It’s not always berries that get me to that state. This trip I reached a similar state by spending time with a three-year-old. But picking fruits and veggies reliably transports me into timelessness. Sometimes I engage with the aliveness of apples, snap peas, or clover flowers. I am fortunate to know several families in the area, all of whom grow edibles and have wild berries on their land. I also have a small garden myself, complete with one lone blueberry bush, several fully grown broccoli heads and a burgeoning zucchini plant- but it’s not quite the same as a garden in the country. This latest trip to Viroqua was the start of my â€Å"birthday week† and it was as perfect as it gets. Topping it off, as mentioned above, was the opportunity to read stories to my friends’ 3-year-old girl (she will be reading to me pretty soon!). I also relaxed and unwound with a few sessions of bodywork from some amazing healers, David and Susan Breitbach (see www.wiseworldseminars.com to learn more). And the work gets done The miraculous thing about these trips is that although I spend what seems like hours picking berries and snap peas, and hours driving, and more hours with body workers David and Susan, I always get my work done. It just doesn’t feel stressful to do it. Then I return home, fortified to take more action steps and get results that bring in more monetary income than a bowl full of berries. Do you take care of yourself? Do you give yourself a break (at least once/year on your birthday)? What gives you that prized sense of timelessness that fuels you for your action items to come? And if you don’t give yourself this gift, what are you waiting for?

Stock Options and Multinational Corporations Essay

Stock Options and Multinational Corporations - Essay Example Being a manufacturer of pharmaceutical products, the market is global and consumer range is broad; and this will not pose any problem in terms of the location of the venture. China is currently the leading economic zone in Asia, and expanding to this part of the globe will be beneficial for the company. China is a good source of cheaper labor, consequently resulting to less production costs. It is also a good location for logistics since consumers in the Asia-Pacific region can be reached much faster and easier. The study conducted by Tong and Reuer (2007) showed that venturing in a foreign country has an almost direct relationship with downside risks, both in terms of return on assets and return on equity. This is because cultural similarities have to be considered in order to minimize the negative effects. The fact that China’s language is the main barrier, plans have to be laid out in order to overcome this weakness. By adapting the methodology done by Tong (2007), the use of a Heckman two-stage model will be a good technique to for real options analysis. Variables such as cultural distance, trade restrictions and GDP should be evaluated to determine if the results are favorable. China’s language barrier can be solved, by getting business partners who can communicate both in English and Chinese. By doing so, the company will be able to penetrate billions of consumers, and provide even more opportunities in the

Nucor Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nucor Corporation - Case Study Example Generically, a value strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that constitute the firm's overall approach toward providing realizable net value to customers. A value strategy inherently involves all parts of a firm's functional and organizational strategies that provide value realized by customers or require sacrifices by customers (see Appendix Table 1) Nucor follows a four-part growth strategy to increase its production capacities and quality that improve product quality. This strategy: "involves new acquisitions, new plant construction, continued plant upgrades and cost reduction efforts, and joint ventures" (Thompson et al 2008 p. C 115). Despite the use of strategic management process and content models, many managers fail to maintain or improve their firm's competitive position. The new globally competitive context requires that top management alter its current predispositions toward certain stakeholders and financial performance measures and refocus on continuously improving net customer value. "By 1985, Nucor had become the seventh largest steel company in Alnerica, with revenues of $758 million. With 18 plants having the capacity to produce 25 million tons of steel annually, 2006 revenues of$14.8 billion, and net profits of$I.8 billion" Thompson et al 2008 p. C-113). These changes suggest new strategic management processes and new strategy content paralleling those in current models. All firms have a value strategy, but few have completely conceptualized and clearly articulated value as the basis for competing. In fact, many firms are more competitor-oriented than customer-oriented. As a result, many managers are more familiar with their firm's competitive strategy than its strategy for improving customer value. Some inadvertently compromise net customer value either by producing products/services perceived to be of low quality or by requiring excessively high sacrifices of customers. Ironically, the most competitive firms are the customer-oriented, not the competitor-oriented firms. In financial terms, "new plant construction and boosting tons sold from 11.2 million in 2000 to 22.1 million in 2006" (Thompson 2008, p. C114). The uniqueness of Nucor is the synergistic combination of low cost and differentiation that may come with a value-based strategy is a direct result of managing critical systems that contribute to value. For Nucor, the acquisition process is limited to broadening the product line is erroneous (Nucor Corporation 2008). Many other business goals can be fulfilled by acquisition. These include strengthening the company's financial position, procuring the services of one or more key personnel or new executive talent, obtaining land, buildings, and equipment for expansion, stabilizing cyclical or seasonal types of business, avoiding concentration in a government-regulated area of industry, acquiring the technical skills of highly trained scientists, and many other critical elements in business which determine growth and success. The process of acquisition, then, is one that ought to be considered by the management of any enterprise as its plans for growth are executed (see Appendix Table 3, 4). Acquisition is one way to be considered in achieving the complete set of defined objectives. And many companies have found it a very satisfactory way. Annual report shows that acquisition strategy allows the company to achieve a steady growth and increase its

Death and Grief in Midterm Essay Example for Free

Death and Grief in Midterm Essay Out Out was written by Robert Frost who was an American poet born in 1874. He moved to New England, a farming region, where most of his poems were inspired. Mid Term Break was written by Seamus Heaney, who was born on a farm in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. It is evident that both poets backgrounds have had much influence in their poetry writing which can be seen from these two poems. Although, Robert Frost attended Harvard University he had to leave early to support his family by moving to a farm in New Hampshire. He also had six children but four of them died before he did. In Out Out, he writes about the harsh reality of a young boy from a poor working class background having to work on a farm in order to help his family which led to his horrific and unmourned death. Apparently this was based on a true event. Seamus Heaney was one of nine children. When he was twelve he won a scholarship to St Columbs College in Londonderry. When he was studying there his four year old brother, Christopher, was killed in a road accident. Mid Term Break is based on this event. In contrast the death of Seamus Heaneys brother is described as a very emotional event mourned by family and friends. I am able to point out many similarities between these the poems but also a number of differences. The themes of the two poems focus on the death of two young boys. However in Mid Term Break the focus is on the aftermath and emotional responses of friends and family to a terrible accident. The boy is dead at the start of the poem. In Out Out the boy dies during the poem. This poem is written like a running commentary and his family show little emotion when he dies. I find this shocking. Also, both boys have died due to an accident at the hands of a machine. In Mid Term Break, the boy was killed by a car and in Out Out he was killed by a buzz saw. The difference is that one boy is left with hardly a scar, only a poppy bruise yet the other boy sustains horrific injuries by losing his hand and bleeding to death. One boy is killed instantly by a car and the other boy slowly bleeds to death. Both poems create an uneasy opening and an atmosphere of suspense. In Mid Term Break, Seamus Heaney describes the knelling of bells which is a sinister phrase used to describe funeral bells. He is also waiting to be picked up by his neighbour which indicates something may have happened to a family member. In Out Out, the poems tone begins with the description of the buzz saw which is threatening and sinister. The poet uses words like Buzz, snarled, rattled. These words are words used to describe a hungry ferocious animals like a venomous snake or a wild dog. The words are a good use of onomatopoeia. They introduce a sense of threat into the poem as they might be associated with danger and accidents. Robert Frost uses sibilance at the start of his poem. He changes the tone of the poem and refers to Sweet scented stuff when the breeze blew across it. This sentence appeals to our sight, smell and hearing. These are calm, gentle words in contrast to the threatening words used to describe the buzz saw. Seamus Heaney uses alliteration at the start of his poem, Counting bells knelling classes to a close. The sounds used here make you think of the tick tock of a clock. It also a metaphor as knelling bells are also bringing his brothers life to a close. Both of the poems have shocking endings. In Mid Term break we realise that the dead child was only 4 years old. A four foot box, a foot for every year. Nearly every word in the last line is short. It gives a sense of shortness and comes to an abrupt ending just like the brothers life. The ending in Out Out is equally appalling as it ends with the family showing little or no emotion to the death of their son. It also had an abrupt ending. Another similarity between the poems is that time is referred to in both of them. In Out Out, reference is made to the sunset far in Vermont. This suggests that light is becoming dimmer and the dim light could also have led to the accident occurring and the eerie atmosphere. In Mid Term break the poet refers to 10 Oclock twice which is a bright part of the day. Both poems use language with attitude. In Mid-Term Break Seamus Heaney uses metaphors wearing a poppy bruise this helps create an image because even though we know the dead child is not literally wearing a poppy bruise we can imagine what the bruise would look like and it is also a symbol of death. Also alliteration is used in a four foot box, a foot for every year. This makes the text seem more aggressive. It uses this technique to show the families anger at the death of the young child. Both poets use caesura in their poems. The effect of this is to build up tension and perhaps prepare the reader for unexpected events. Caesura is used in Mid Term Break just as Heaney is about to enter the room where his dead brother was resting. He does not know what to expect. It is used in Out Out at And nothing happened: day was all but done. The effect of the caesura is to put on pause the scene painted. It is near the end of the working day and the work is nearly completed and everything appears to be normal. In the first line of the poem we had that feeling that something sinister and threatening was going to happen and this pause may be used to allow the reader to prepare us for an expected significant event that was about to take place. Enjambment is used throughout Mid Term break. It gives the effect that the poet is in a sort of daze. There are also many differences between the two poems. The two families are from a different class. One boy comes from a working class background and another boy is from a more affluent background as the other boy is attending boarding school. Also, Mid Term Break was written in 1st person while Out Out was written in third person. You can understand more about the emotions that are felt in Mid Term Break. Although, Out Out has more action in it as it is a fast flowing poem. There is also a striking difference in how the families react to the death of the children. In Out Out there was no real emotion shown when the boy finally died. He is left alone and they then return to their work. In contrast, Mid Term Break describes the scene of the father crying uncontrollably. This would not be an expected reaction for men in Ireland to cry as they would normally bottle their emotions up. The fact that Jim Evans said it was a hard blow shows that it was someone close to the family. Friends and family gather at the house to offer their condolences. The body was then brought home and viewed in a coffin. Another difference is how the two boys are treated by their families. The boy in Out Out is treated as an adult who is doing a mans job. He is treated no different than anyone else. In Mid Term Break, the boy is being educated. He is however treated like a man when old men stand up to shake his hand as his father is in a bad state, people told strangers that he was the eldest. However, he is then reduced to a small child again when his mother holds on to his hand as she doesnt want to let him out of her sight. There is also a difference in the acceptance of the two deaths. In Out Out there wasnt any grieving amongst the family members but in Mid Term Break there is little acceptance particularly from the boys mother. The poem says she coughed out angry tearless sighs. She may be blaming herself as should have been with her child or not let him out of her sight.

AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

Michelle Lee Pelletier & Sarah Smith December, 16, 1998 Mr. Marquis Honors Chemistry Aids A.I.D.S is an epidemic of the nineties. There are over one million people infected with the HIV in the United States, and over 250,000 cases of Aids. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between five and ten million infected with the H.I.V virus. This number is rising steadily. A.I.D.S is the end result of H.I.V, and to this day there is no cure. H.I.V was discovered in 1981, but not until 1984 was it proven to be the cause of A.I.D.S. Since then the definition of A.I.D.S. has changed many times, and will no doubt keep changing. And as people learn more about it, they seek out a cure. Scientist have been working hard on a cure for more than a decade. They have come up with many pill "cocktails" or other forms of medications, but so far the cure is still far away. People with A.I.D.S/HIV are running out of time, yet it seems that there is sadly till a lot of ignorance and misunderstanding of the disease, and without understanding a cure is pushed farther aw ay. Stealing a chance of survival from another person. The myths and truths need to be sorted out, a cure must be found, and the disease itself must be contained. The HIV virus was discovered in 1981. Compared to many other diseases that have had a relatively huge impact on mankind, it is relatively new. Cancers and so forth have been here since man. HIV was not connected to Aids, or proven to be the cause until 1984. Since The discovery it has gone through many changes, and many names. HIV was formally known as Lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lAV), Human T-Cell lymotropic virus type III (HTLV III). It is relatively new, which means that both AIDS and HIV are subjected to much change through the new few decades, we may know a significant amount about it at this time, but new information is learned everyday. The information behind the cause of Aids is inconclusive. Though it has been said the first case from a monkey in Africa, this may not be the story, but man did get the virus from monkeys. How they got it from the monkey is another thing. Perhaps the "monkey" (which is immune to the virus, which is believed to be because the mon key doesn't have co-receptors on it's white blood cells) had bleeding gums or had a higher content of HIV in its blood system.

Enthalpy Lab Background

Enthalpy, represented by the sign ? H in kJ/mol, is the heat change in a reaction. It shows whether how much heat is released or absorbed during the reaction. If the reaction is endothermic, the enthalpy would be positive and if the reaction is exothermic, the enthalpy would be negative. During a chemical reaction, which consists of breaking and creating bonds, heat is either absorbed or released. In this lab, the reaction uses the disassociation of an ionic compound ammonium nitrate shown in the equation #1 below into ions.In order to disassociate ammonium nitrate into ions, energy is required. Both NH4 and NO3 are always soluble, therefore the ionic compound disassociates completely. Through equation #2, heat absorbed or released can be measured. In equation #2, q stands for the heat change in joules, m for the mass of the water in grams, C for the specific heat of water, and ? T for the change in temperature. By using the calorimeter with a stir rod, change in temperature is found . 1. NH4NO3(s) NH4(aq) + NO3(aq) 2. q=mC? TFree energy is a thermodynamic function that shows the available energy that can be converted into work. By using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, which uses free energy and is shown in equation #3, spontaneity of the reaction can be found using enthalpy, temperature, and entropy. Free energy, unlike entropy, is an absolute way to determine whether the reaction is spontaneous or not. If the free energy is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous, whereas if the free reaction is positive, then the reaction is not spontaneous.If free energy is neither, meaning if the free energy is zero, the reaction has reached equilibrium, therefore not shifting to left or right. In this lab, the reaction shown in equation #1 reaches equilibrium, so the free energy of this reaction would be zero. Entropy, shown by the sign S, is the measurement of molecular randomness or disorder. It is given in J/K*mol and it determines the disorder by the number of molecul ar arrangements that are possible in the state, whether it is solid, liquid, or gas.The more arrangements there can be, or larger amount of mole there is, the higher the entropy. If the change in entropy of a given reaction is negative, it means that the reaction is increasing in order, or decreasing in disorder. If the change in entropy of a given reaction is positive, it means that the reaction is increasing in disorder. Generally, negative entropy of a given reaction means that the reaction is spontaneous, but not always. Both equation #3 and #4 can be used to find entropy. 3. ?G = ? H-T? S 4.? Sreaction=? pSproducts – ? nrSreactants In equation #4, if the entropies of the molecules involved in the reaction are known, then change of entropy in the overall reaction can be found by subtracting the sum of the entropy of the products by the sum of the entropies of the reactants. If the entropies of the molecules aren’t known like this lab, than equation #3 can be used t o find the entropies of the reaction, where T represents temperature in Kelvin, ? G is the change in the free energy in kJ/mol, ? H is the change in enthalpy in kJ/mole, and ?S is the change in entropy in J/K*mol. The enthalpy of the reaction shown in equation #1 can be calculated by the third equation using arithmetic because ? G is zero. And in this equation, the formula number 3, where ? G = ? H-T? S, Enthalpy must be greater that Entropy if the equation is to be positive. This is reason why this value is set to zero, because then by subtracting the enthalpy the value of entropy can be found. And through these methods, the value of G can be substituted in and to find the accepted value of ? H and ? S.The Kelvin is the accepted value, and the ? S can be found when plugged in ? H and ? G to be found as the zero value. The calculated entropy should match or be very close to the accepted entropy value for the dissolving of ammonium nitrate if the ionic compound is dissolved in water and the enthalpy determined by the calorimeter because the calorimeter shouldn’t have lost any heat to surrounding and all of the solid should have been dissolved. Through this method, the absorbance rate of FeCl3 can be estimated, just like how NH4NO3 can be found.

Plot Summary: Volpone, by Ben Jonson Essay

Ben Johnson was an Elizabethan English poet, dramatist and actor. A peer of William Shakespeare, Johnson was born in 1572 and died 65 years later. He was a man of extraordinary literary talents and despite the fact that he didn’t go to university he was acknowledged as one of the most learned men of his day. He was friends with many of the other well known Elizabethan writers like Bacon, Shakespeare and Donne; in fact, Shakespeare even acted in the 1616 production of Johnson’s play ‘Every Man in His Humour’. Johnson is best known for his poems and satirical plays, of which the 1606 ‘Volpone’ is considered to be one of his best examples; it is a comedy/satire about avarice and lust The play takes place over 24 hours in seventeenth-century Venice, and opens at the home of a nobleman from the city – Volpone (the ‘fox’). Seemingly, this nobleman is actually a con artist who has gained his impressive wealth through deception and other dishonest ways. As the play starts, Volpone is with his servant Mosca entering the shrine where Volpone keeps all his wealth and treasures. The reader learns that Volpone is about to deceive yet more people as he tries to trick his alleged friends – Voltore (the ‘vulture’), Corbaccio (the ‘raven’) and Corvino (the ‘crow’) – into believing that each is Volpone’s heir and that he is actually on his deathbed. What these three men do not know is that Volpone is in perfect health and feigning his illness to receive expensive â€Å"get well† gifts from these fortune hunters. Mosca, Volpone’s â€Å"parasite† tells each of the men individually that they are heir to Volpone’s fortune so that they will return with yet more gifts. Voltore, who is a lawyer by trade, offers the ‘dying’ man a gift an expensive platter, the old gentleman. Corbaccio is talked into disinheriting his son Bonario by Volpone and Mosca in favour of Volpone; Corbaccio thinking that Volpone is dying is not concerned about this. This leaves the third man – Corvino, a penny-pinching merchant with a beautiful young wife, Celia, whom he guards closely; however despite him being such a jealous husband his greed lead him to proffer Celia to Volpone to take to his bed and to be a comfort to him as he lies dying. When Volpone attempts to force himself on Corvino’s young wife, he is interrupted by the appearance of Corbaccio’s son, Bonario. Celia and Bonario, but the three fortune hunters (scared of Volpone losing his wealth which they each think will soon be theirs take out counter-charges against the young couple of adultery and fornication. Volpone loves the chaos that he has caused and so decides to make more sport for himself by staging his own death and leaving everything to Mosca, just so that he is able to witness the mayhem that will occur. Mosca, however, as he prepares for a large and expensive ‘funeral’ for his ‘late’ employer, has less and less to do with Volpone. Mosca also is suddenly elevated from his lowly position to a man of wealth, an eligible bachelor As Volpone watches the changes in his old servant, he decides to ‘come clean’ and expose his own guilt as well as that of everyone else in the matter servant. When the truth is learned, the judges take away all of Volpone’s wealth and give it to charity; the lawyer Voltore is barred from court, all of Corbaccio’s fortune is given to his son, Corvino is paraded through Venice and derided, Celia is returned to her family taking with her three times the amount of dowry that she took to her husband and Mosca is sentenced to a life in the galleys for masquerading as a man of substance.

Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essays

Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essays Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essay Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essay The touristry industry is a major subscriber to the gross province merchandise of many states ( Reige and Perry, 2000 ) and in the last 50 old ages, touristry has developed into one of the universe s most powerful, yet provocative, socio-economic forces ( Sharpley and Telfer 2008 ) . Travel A ; Tourism industry has become one of the universe s most of import and fastest turning economic sectors, bring forthing quality occupations and significant wealth for economic systems around the Earth ( WTTC, 2007 ) . The recent planetary recession has non caused the touristry industry to crunch to a complete arrest, and the World Tourism Barometer indicated that the recession merely caused a 4 % diminution in planetary touristry from 2008-2010 ( UNWTO, 2011b ) and now it is expected to turn once more. WTTC President and CEO, David Scowsill ( 2011 ) says Over the following 10 old ages, its entire part to GDP will lift by 4.2 % per annum to US $ 9.2 trillion, conveying w ith it 65 million new occupations, but for that growing to be accomplishable and sustainable, authoritiess must work together with the industry towards smarter policies and statute law that will assist Travel A ; Tourism to boom. In Third universe states, authoritiess encourage touristry investing because of the premise that it will lend to economic development of their states ( Hall, 1995 ) . Third universe states and developing states ever seeks the possible benefits of touristry such as increased income, foreign exchange, employments and economic variegation ( Sharpley and Telfer, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Ferguson ( 2007 ) The touristry industry straight provides around 3 per cent of planetary employment, or 192 million occupations the equivalent to one in every 12 occupations in the formal sector . As with other industrial sectors and Fieldss of academic survey, touristry has besides developed over the decennaries and has been influenced by a battalion of internal and extern al factors. It is non surprising that many facets of touristry are wholly different than they used to be before because of the huge rate of technological alteration along with societal, economic and environmental alterations. Bangladesh is one of the universe s most dumbly populated states, with its people packed into a delta of rivers that empties into the Bay of Bengal [ BBC ] ( 2011 ) . It s implementing its development programs for a long clip. They are non merely seeking to procure their economic growing but besides seeking to better their societal life criterions. In Bangladesh, touristry was about non-existent at the state s independency from Pakistan in 1971. More late touristry has seen as a agency of the lending to their attainment. Tourism contributes 4.8 % to Bangladesh s Gross Domestic Products ( GDP ) and employs over 1509100 which contribute 1.9 % of direct employments ( WTTC, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Bhatia ( 1986 in Jenkins and Tosun, 1998 ) , many states in the 3rd universe do non cognize the importance of touristry and the impacts that it can hold, and Bangladesh is one of those states. Basically Jenkins and Tosun ( 1998 ) argue that, touristry development took topographic point in most of the topographic points of this universe as an unplanned activity ( p 102 ) . Like sustainable development sounds attractive ( Butler, 1992: 64 ) , the phrase of sustainable touristry accepted instantly by this state even the significance of this term is non understood to the full. Though sustainable touristry is the in thing across the universe, Bangladesh, in malice of being endowed with nature s premiums and beauty, still struggles with the construct ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . Several finishs in Bangladesh such as Chittagong hill piece of lands, the Sundarbans, Saint Martin coral island, Nijhum Island, Srimanagol Lawachera rain wood, Tangua Hoar and Cox s Bazar, which could be used as sustainable tourer musca volitanss ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . Cox s Bazar is the tourist capital of Bangladesh. By popular pick, Cox s Bazar has late been ranked as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World ( Zamir, 2009 ) , located handily on the east-west air-corridor doing it a gateway to the Far East. It is endowed with resources and the potency for a touristry industry. In the southern border of the state has a 125 kilometer ( 77.6 stat mis ) long beach of soft silvery sand, the universe s longest ( Qadir, 2003 ) and a concatenation of hills that run parallel to the sea for about the full length, looming drops, colourful, ancient pagodas and Hindu temples ( Anonymous, 2007 ) , in a Riviera-like scene with semilunar low hills overlooking the Bay of Bengal, and most visited tourer finishs in Bangladesh. The scope of the hills covered in epicurean green Grovess is cherished locations for tourers. Cox s Bazar is located at the caput of this terrain. Cox s Bazar is besides known as Panowa , literature significance xanthous flower. Palonkee was its other name. The girl of the sea Bangladesh is a beautiful surprise for the tourer. Since the touristry is reported as a comparatively easy manner to gain foreign exchange, many states are eager to come in international markets every bit fast as they can ( Jafari, 1974 ) and Bangladesh is one of them. Harmonizing to Jafari ( 1974 ) , tourers and intelligence media of a developed states come to be a sort of promotional agents for a underdeveloped state or for a under developing state. Though Hasan in his book development touristry in Bangladesh blames the international intelligence media for stand foring a incorrect visual aspect of the state and intelligence media carefully avoid stating the universe of the brighter side of Bangladesh than the unsmooth side of it ( Khairuzzaman, 2008 ) still there are some positive attacks from the international media. Alone planet is one of them. The universe leader in printing travel ushers and guidebooks Lonely planet recommended Bangladesh as one of the to p 10 interesting travel finish in 2009 ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . This UK based publication Bradt Travel usher is known as a innovator in undertaking unusual finishs, for defending the causes of sustainable travel and for the high quality of composing ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . The first usher on Bangladesh published in 2009 and the back screen text provinces: Bangladesh has a repute for being hapless and beset by deluging, but this republic of rivers wagess those willing to look beyond the headlines. Leave luxuries behind and ship on the richest of travel experiences among some of the sub-continent s friendliest people ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . This sort of positive focal point on Bangladesh is non possible to purchase for money. Lack of consistent scheme on cooperation, appropriate cognition and sustainability ; are the great barrier to a positive development of Bangladesh touristry sector. Environmental resources are an of import plus non merely in Cox s Bazar but to other touristry finishs in all other 3rd universe states. The touristry in Bangladesh is particularly popular due to its coastal countries of Cox s Bazar. If environmental resources are of import economic assets in Bangladesh, the immediate action that demand is that of sustainable use of resources to profit for present and future coevalss ( Mbaiwa, 2005 ) . It is good established that the presence of touristry in finish ever brings with it environmental, socio-culture and economic benefit and this is why it is an effectual development tool in any under developing states and in the instance of Bangladesh, A sustainable touristry scheme will hold a major positive impact ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . When transporting out a wide research on any substance, it is indispensable to go acquainted with contextual of that subject, by utilizing relevant literatures. For this thesis, it is most important to obtain information in a figure of different beginnings. Academic books, diaries, newspapers, where available, will be used in the assemblage of information for this thesis. Here in this undertaking, I will sketch the history of sustainable touristry development foremost which will supply the context of how it is developing and will reply either it exists in the Bangladesh, peculiarly in Cox s bazaar. In order to derive this cognition I will look at different publications related to research issue will be collected from academic books, day-to-day newspaper, undertakings, related archives and enormously up to day of the month diaries. For this intent it will be highly utile to look at relevant cyberspace web sites such as the web sites of different ministry of Bangladesh and touristry in dustry based web sites. Internet web sites will be an of import beginning to make full in the spread by supplying utile information where books and periodicals are non so univocal. 2.0: Literature reappraisal All touristry includes some travel but non all travel is touristry ( Page, 2007 ) . Tourism used to be recognised as an activity undertaken by those who travelled off from place for vacations, to see relations or to transport out professional concern, in the yesteryear. Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that deliver a travel experience: transit, adjustments, feeding and imbibing constitutions, stores amusement, activity installations and other cordial reception services available for persons and groups that are going off from place ( Goeldner and Ritchie, 2009 ) . Therefore it encompasses a broad assortment of intents. The officially accepted definition by UNWTO ( 1993 ) is: Tourism comprises the activities of individual going to and remaining topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concerns and other intents . This definition challenges the normally held perceptual experience that to uristry is strictly concerned with diversion and holding merriment ( Holden, 2008 ) . But harmonizing to Gunn ( 1994 ) the best working definition of touristry is that of by Mathieson and Wall ( 1982 in Gunn, 1994 ) : Tourism is the impermanent motion of people to finishs outsides their normal topographic points of work and abode, the activities undertaken during their stay in those finishs, and the installations created to provide to their demands . At the present clip, touristry is even more far making with wider deductions. Specialists have celebrated between mass touristry , which involves those characteristics merely mentioned, and alternative touristry , which can include cultural, educational, societal, environmental, agricultural and political touristry ( Wearing and Neil, 2009 ) . Tourism promotes better transverse civilization apprehension. For any 3rd universe and developing states, touristry is seen as an of import tool of their regional development, civilization, en vironmental and in most instances ; the touristry portfolio is attached to Economy. This provides us with an initial penetration into the impact of touristry within all states it has. In add-on to societal, political and economic concerns, touristry has become a immensely of import and planetary characteristic of environmental statement. Tourism development which systematically ignores environmental concerns is improbable to stay feasible in the longer term ( Pigram, 1990 ) . High volume of touristry can do environmental including H2O, air and noise pollution which are highly destructive to a location s sustainable wellbeing. It is as a significance of the turning consciousness of the harmful consequence that touristry has on the environment, every bit good as a general heightened apprehension of how planetary heating is impacting our planet, that touristry has been given an environmental focal point. Indeed, sustainable touristry is now a widely known mercantile establishment of touristry, with the province of the environment being given more and more consideration. The term Sustainable Tourism has been introduced in the context of wider argument about environme ntal sustainability and logically implies a signifier and degree of touristry which maintains a entire stock of natural resources ( Sinclair, 1998 ) . The turning consciousness of environmental harm in this modern technological universe is the ground to turn to this term. Getz ( 1986 ) says that when touristry planning was foremost developed in the 1960s, the subject s chief focal point came, about wholly from the position of maximising economic growing ( p. 21 ) . Over the decennaries, the focal point has shifted and is now, more sensitive to non-economic issues ( p. 32 ) . Murphy ( 1985 ) argues that it is the duty of the touristry industry to, develop and protect its attractive forces, whether they are natural or semisynthetic, and go a cordial reception industry to do visitant experiences every bit gratifying as possible ( p. 10 ) . Though it is argued that excessively much accent is placed on comparatively short term economic impacts at the cost of sing the long term soci etal and environmental impacts of touristry, thereby encourages in a better consciousness of the jobs that the industry creates ( Holloway et al. , 2009 ) . The importance of sustainable development is to transport turning successes into the hereafter in such a manner that future coevalss are non troubled ( Pearce et al. , 1990 ) . Sustainability, sustainable touristry and sustainable development are all well-established footings ( Liu, 2003 ) . There are two constituents in the definition of sustainable development. The significance of development and the status necessary for sustainability are those two constituents ( Miltin, 1992 ) . Croall ( 1995 ) compares sustainability to the nexus between development and preservation , which should non conflict to each other. Harmonizing to Bartelmus ( 1986 in Tosun, 2001 ) , development implies a procedure that makes an attempt to better the life conditions of people . To run into human demands and wants is the chief aim of development ( WCED, 1987 ) which involves wider apprehensivenesss with the quality of life ( Pearce et al. , 1990 ) . When applied to touristry, as Godfrey ( 1996 in Gunn, 1994 ) ) points out the construct of sustainable development relates to a signifier of environmentally friendly touristry. Aside, Rees ( Gunn, 1994 p.85 ) define sustainable touristry development as a positive socio-economic alteration that does non sabotage the cultural, ecological and societal systems upon which local communities and societies are depended . The construct of sustainability foremost appeared on the public sense in the study by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. The lineation of sustainable development is that the economic growing and the environmental preservation are non merely friendly but they are spouses and one can non last without than other. The Brundtland Commission Report defines sustainable development as development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ( WCED, 1987 ) . The Commission highlighted that sustainable development is non a fixed national understanding, but an active procedure of alterations which are all in harmoniousness and heighten both current and future potency to run into human demands and aspirations ( WCED, 1987: 46 ) . A general failing in the construct of the sustainable touristry development is that its rules and aims have tended to attest themselves in sets of guidelines that base d on pull offing the bounds of acceptable environmental and societal alteration, which is unable to account for the about infinite diverseness of touristry development contexts ( Sharpley and Telfer, 2008 ) . In a research Liu ( 2003 ) found that sustainability is praised by Bramwell and Lane ( 1993 in Liu, 2003 ) and harmonizing to them it is a positive attack intended to cut down the tensenesss and clash created by the complex interactions between the touristry industry, tourers, environment and the host communities to keep the long term capacity and quality of both natural and human resources . Miles of aureate littorals, looming drops, surfing moving ridges, rare conch shells, colorful Pagodas, Buddhist Temples and delicious sea-food all this makes what Cox s Bazar is today, the tourer capital of Bangladesh ( NTO ) . Cox s Bazar is one of the most attractive tourer musca volitanss, non merely in the Bangladesh but besides in the universe. The warm, shark free Waterss are good for bathing and swimming A ; while the flaxen beaches offer chances for sun-bathing ( NTO ) . The tourist capital of Bangladesh includes conch shell market, tribal handcraft, and salt and shrimp cultivation. Harmonizing to a nose count of aquatic birds, a sum of 15933 birds of 52 species have been spotted in Cox s Bazar ( The Daily Star, 2009 ) can be seen as other attractive force. Aggmeda Khyang, a Buddhist monastery at the hills, Himchari field day topographic point, merely about 8 kilometers from Cox s Bazar, Innani Beach 32 km off from the metropolis, is one of the most dramatic sea beache s in Bangladesh which is really near to the universe s longest sandy beach in Cox s Bazaar and it is situated within the Inani protected forest ; Sonadia island with really small human trial, Teknaf peninsula, some 80 kilometers from town and picturesque St. Martin Island to the South at 13 kilometers distance from mainland are the around attractive force of Cox s Bazar ( Ahammed, 2010 ) . All these topographic points are located around Cox s Bazar and easy accessible by route and H2O sides what makes this topographic point hub of touristry. As an international finish, Bangladesh has a assorted image. Tourists from abroad perceive a negative consciousness of Bangladesh from intelligence media. Peoples from outside perceive as topographic point where the population is populating in poorness, corruptness and in natural catastrophes. Though the new seven natural admirations search 2009 have made the state attractive for touristry and is besides charted as one of the top 10 interesting finishs by new travel books ( Quader, 2010 ) . Bangladesh is still one of the states in South Asia with the fewest reachings and the lowest gross earned from the touristry industry. WTTC ( 2011 ) predicts that the part from travel and touristry will increase 6.3 % per annum boulder clay 2021. Harmonizing to Bari ( FE, 2010 ) , At present, around 0.50 million international tourers visit Bangladesh each twelvemonth, It employs one million people . Most of the tourers visited the state for concern intent, and their stay in the state was brief as they had non been offered to research the hills, seas and woods of the state brimming with natural beauty ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . The lone cause for this is the deficiency of consciousness and proper agreements. Though the economic part of touristry and the portion of Cox s Bazar to the national economic system are non studied with dependable statistics ( Ahammed, 2010 ) still the touristry industry leaders said in Financial Express ( FE, 2010 ) that Bangladesh can gain US $ 2.0 billion in one-year gross from the touristry sector if it can pull two million international tourers. Harmonizing to the general director of Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, gross gaining from the touristry sector is sing a downward tendency and the gross from touristry sector was about ?51 million in 2008, which came down to ?47 million in 2009. Till June 2010, the gross was ?26 million ( FE, 2010 ) . Tourism in Bangladesh is managed by Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and touristry. There is no uncertainty that touristry is an effectual development tool, helps economic system to bring forth gross, state gets benefited every bit good as the private sector and local community, Consciousness on saving of nature and protection of environment tends to increase. Though Cox s Bazar is easy accessible by route, still there is no rail links in this metropolis. The authorities disbursement immense sum of money to acquire Cox s Bazar rail linked within 2 old ages. Government s substructure development planning includes the work on the upgraded pigboat overseas telegram connexion of Cox s Bazar Landing Station to increase the bandwidth ( Unb, 2011 ) . Development of major substructure to function resorts should be coordinated to run into the demands of the industry with boarder economic and societal demands ( Brohman, 1996 ) . The presence of touristry in any finish ever brings environmental, socio- civilization and economic impacts. Less developed finishs like Cox s Bazar are more susceptible. Development of touristry in Cox s bazaar brings external money flow which drives the populating criterion of the locals to higher degree. Development of touristry in Cox s Bazar on a long-run footing is to give due importance to the above impacts for its sustainability. It needs a long term planning, uninterrupted development work, avoid the negative impacts and investing timing have to be predetermined ( Quader, 2010 ) . The current growing in tourer Numberss to Cox s bazaar has led to the acknowledgment that consideration demands to be given to a sustainable touristry development scheme if the site is to be maintained for future coevalss. 3.0 Purposes and aims In set abouting this probe, this thesis has figure of purposes and aims. As sustainable touristry is a really good established term in modern touristry industry due to a heightened environmental consciousness, it is of import to understand how it functions and whom it targets. The end of environmentally sustainability is a maximal degree of coveted result such as economic net income, quality of life what will keep in a steady manner, capable to restraints imposed by environment. Footing on this construct it can be said that environmentally sustainable touristry implies a cardinal importance on keeping a certain degree of environmental quality. This is foregrounding that, a sustainable environment and a feasible touristry industry are indispensable elements to do an environmentally sustainable touristry ( Johnston A ; Tyrrell, 2007 ) . In order to make understand the term and the map of environmentally sustainable touristry, it will foremost be necessary to sketch the rudimentss of t he touristry industry in less developed state like Bangladesh and how it has changed over the old ages. By making this it will be possible to better understand how the sustainable touristry industry fits into Cox s Bazar. 3.1: Purposes The nucleus purpose of the societal and economic positions of touristry is to animate more international and domestic tourers to advance the growing of tourer value which focus on making employment, accomplishing gross, developing local battle ( Gilmore et al. , 2007 ) and enable some members of the population to travel from the informal sector to higher paid occupations in the formal sector ( Sinclair, 1998 ) . The environmental purpose is frequently conflict between the economic and societal perceptual experiences which is to protect and to conserve both civilization and the environment ( Gilmore et al. , 2007 ) . The host population is itself a portion of the touristry merchandise. The rapid growing of touristry in any less developed states and finishs raises inquiries of sustainable touristry development, peculiarly the entree and economic benefits to local economic systems. For this thesis, it is most of import to cognize the assorted aspects of the relationship between host pop ulation and touristry industry of Cox s Bazar of Bangladesh. The locals are topics to be viewed and interacted with, or scenes for tourer activities, and their attitudes and behaviour constitute the hospitality resource of a finish ( Smith, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO ) ( 1993 ) , touristry is sustainable when it improves the quality of life of the host community ; provides a high quality of experience for the visitant ; and maintains the quality of the environment on which both the host community and the visitant depend . Cox s Bazar have limited chances and resources for agribusiness or industrial development and are turning to tourism to make the major beginning of economic system though a immense portion of population are still involved in fishing, roll uping sea nutrients and sea merchandises for their support. Traditionally, it is a conservative society and socio-culture, economic system and the quality of life is still below than nation al norm ( Ahammed, 2010 ) . The purpose of this undertaking is to critically measure whether Cox s Bazar in Bangladesh can be developed in a sustainable manner. 3.2: Aims Finally, holding completed a thorough probe and after rating of the information collected will take up to the current prevalence of the sustainable touristry in Cox s Bazar, it will so be possible to conceive of how the industry may develop in future. Aims are i? To measure and specify sustainable touristry development in term of environment, economic and civilization. i? To look into and happen the specific demand for sustainable touristry development in Cox s Bazar. i? Critically discuss whether the people of touristry industry in Bangladesh truly know the significance of sustainable development? i? To exemplify utile decisions and do effectual recommendations on sustainable touristry development for Cox s Bazar that can be implemented by the touristry authorization of Bangladesh. 4.0: Methodology and Method The undermentioned subdivision of this thesis shall sketch the methodological analysis and the method that shall be employed for the primary research subdivision of this thesis. 4.1: Methodology In touristry research there is an ongoing demand for statistical penetrations but qualitative research offers a great trade of understanding at societal life from in a different manner ( Phillimore and Goodson, 2004 ) . Phillimore and Goodson ( 2004 ) argue that touristry research workers are non bound to follow a simple set of methods, and are hence free to unite a broad scope of attacks with a more sophisticated attitude to utilize qualitative research. This undertaking used both primary and secondary informations resources. In footings of primary informations beginnings, this thesis relied on the research work that I have carried out on sustainable touristry development in Cox s Bazar. Priority was given to the semi structured interviews I took in April 2011 which resulted in to develop decisions and recommendations based on the findings that could be implemented in Cox s Bazar. In order to give concrete burden to the primary research conducted this research will besides incorporate some secondary research. Roll uping informations from people who are involved with the touristry industry in Bangladesh will give considerable thoughts that will hold been formed by looking at secondary literature. It will besides supply the thesis with a personal penetration which can non be gained from carry oning qualitative research entirely. 4.1.1: Primary Research From the beginning, I decided that my research objectives more easy impart themselves to more qualitative signifiers of analysis. This survey is basically trying to find how a figure of complex constructs impact and relate to one another. It requires the capable country to be looked at from a figure of different positions and for links between these separate positions to be determined. Britten et Al ( 1995 ) suggest that using qualitative methodological analysis allows for the research worker to, Address research inquiries of immediate relevancy which are otherwise hard to look into ( p. 105 ) . Flick et Al ( 2004 ) travel on to indicate out that the usage of qualitative methodological analysis can aide in, the apprehension of complex relationships instead than account by isolation of a individual relationship, such as cause and effect ( p. 8 ) . Sofaer ( 1999 ) further argues that this can ensue in, rich descriptions of phenomenaaˆÂ ¦it non merely serves the desire to de pict ; it besides helps travel the question towards more meaningful accounts ( p. 1102 ) . It is for these grounds that this survey will near the research objectives from a qualitative, instead than giving practical weight to quantitative, attack. 4.1.2: Secondary Research Secondary analysis has a well-established lineage. This will supply the utile information in order to understand the background of the topic. Hakim ( 1982 ) province that, secondary information analysis is any farther analysis of an bing dataset which presents readings, decisions or knowledge extra to, or different from, those produced in the first study on the enquiry as a whole and its chief consequences ( p 1 ) . Secondary informations can encompass a whole scope of experimental signifiers ; it can include the informations generated through systematic reappraisals, through documental analysis every bit good as the consequences from authorities sponsored studies ( Smith, 2008 ) . Secondary literature provides a considerable beginning for appreciative which is necessary when doing determinations sing any subject and puting progress theories to develop state of affairss. 4.2: Method The first method that was considered was focus groups. MacNaghten and Myers ( 2004 ) suggest that this method is most utile for research workers who possibly, are non wholly certain what categories, links and positions are relevant ( p. 65 ) . However, this method can give informations that can be hard to understand and construe. For an inexperient research worker this could show a job and could take to informations that is possibly non every bit rich as it could be. I eventually chose semi-structured interviews as my primary research method. Kvale ( 1983 ) states that the usage of this method presents the research worker with the chance to, garner the life-world of the interviewee with regard to reading of the significance of the described phenomena ( p. 174 ) . It is this existent universe experience that will give my informations existent deepness and will hopefully assist me to understand some of the complex jobs faced by my respondents. Another advantage of this method is outlined by Blee and Taylor ( 1995 ) who argue that semi-structured interviews topographic points human bureau, at the Centre of the motion analysis. Qualitative interviews are a window into the mundane universe of militants, and they generate representations that embody the topics voices, minimising, at least every bit much as possible, the voice of the research worker ( p. 96 ) . I had hoped to be able to carry on this research in Cox s Bazar. However, it became clear to me early in my research that this was non likely to be popular. Alternatively, I chose to concentrate my research on travel bureaus in the UK who offer vacations to Cox s Bazar and other parts of Bangladesh. I chose to pull my sample group from bureaus located in Bangladeshi communities. Tower Hamlets, Manchester and Oldham have arguably the highest concentration of Bangladeshi s in the state, so I chose to aim travel agents here. As people working in the industry are replying my questionnaires, I assured them that they will stay anon. to do them experience more confident to give honest reply. I phoned round several bureaus and managed to procure interviews with 5 travel agents. A few yearss before the interviews, these respondents were sent an lineation of my survey so that they could possibly get down to fix their responses. This would hopefully give richer information for me to utilize. These interviews were largely conducted face to face, although two was conducted over the phone and Skype. I recorded the interviews and took extended notes during them. I was witting of the fact that, in semi-structured interviewing, analysis and reading are ongoing procedures ( Blee and Taylor, 2002: 110 ) . Unlike in quantitative informations aggregation where one waits until all the information is collected before get downing the analysis procedure, with qualitative informations aggregation, the analysis is an ongoing procedure. In the analysis of the information, I

Job Options With a Masters in Business Administration

Job Options With a Masters in Business Administration What Is an MBA Degree? A Masters in Business Administration, or an MBA as it is more commonly known, is an advanced business degree that can be earned by students who have already earned a bachelors degree in business or another field. The MBA degree is one of the most prestigious and sought after degrees in the world. Earning an MBA can lead to a higher salary, a position in management, and marketability in an ever-evolving job market. Increased Earnings With an MBA Many people enroll in a Masters in Business Administration program with the hope of earning more money after graduation. Although there is no guarantee that you will make more money, an MBA salary is likely higher. However, the exact amount you earn is very dependent on the job you do and the business school you graduate from. A recent study of MBA salaries from BusinessWeek found that the median base salary for MBA grads is $105,000. Harvard Business School graduates earn an average starting salary of $134,000 while graduates of second-tier schools, such as Arizona State (Carey) or Illinois-Urbana Champaign, earn an average starting salary of $72,000. Overall, cash compensation for MBAs is significant regardless of the school from which it is received. The BusinessWeek study stated that median cash compensation over a 20-year period, for all the schools in the study, was $2.5 million.  Read more about how much you can earn with an MBA. Popular Job Options for MBA Graduates After earning a Masters in Business Administration, most grads find work in the business field. They may accept jobs with large corporations, but just as often take jobs with small or mid-size companies and non-profit organizations. Other career options include consulting positions or entrepreneurship. Popular Job Titles Popular job titles for MBAs include but are not limited to: AccountantAdvertising ExecutiveBusiness ManagerCEOCIOCorporate Communications ManagerCorporate RecruiterExecutive RecruiterFinance Officer or Financial ManagerFinancial AnalystHotel or Motel ManagerHuman Resources Director or ManagerManagement AnalystManagement ConsultantMarketing Director or ManagerMarketing Research AnalystPR SpecialistProduct Manager Working in Management MBA degrees frequently lead to upper management positions. A new grad may not start out in such a position, but certainly has the opportunity to move up the career ladder faster than non-MBA counterparts. Companies That Hire MBAs Companies in every industry around the world seek out business and management professionals with an MBA education. Every business, from tiny start-ups to large Fortune 500 companies, needs someone with experience and the necessary education to support common business processes like accounting, finance, human resources, marketing, public relations, sales, and management. To learn more about where you can work after earning a Masters in Business Administration, check out this list of the 100 top MBA employers.

Discussion week 8 The Importance of Social Media and Web Analytics Assignment

Discussion week 8 The Importance of Social Media and Web Analytics - Assignment Example As mentioned, Salina was noted that the key ingredients to her success are: â€Å"quality content, the building and nurturing of an audience, and findability† (Robson, 2012, p. 4). Two of the social media methods that Salina used are: (1) partnering with YouTube; and (2) promoting her instructional videos through Do-It-Yourself (DIY) sites, like CutOutAndKeep (Robson, 2012, p. 3). The partnering with YouTube proved to be instrumental in enhancing awareness, access and viewership to her target audience. On the other hand, opting to promote the videos through DIY sites was deemed to be contributory to acknowledgement of her skills and talents as a craftsperson. Posting her instructional videos in these social media sites provided the opportunity for Salina to catapult to fame and to be known in the arts and crafts endeavor. 2. From the scenario, prioritize the most significant components of a social media campaign according to the level of influence each could have on the new product launch. Examine both the social media tools that will provide the highest return on investment (ROI), and two (2) key performance indicators (KPIs) that one could use to measure success. Provide a rationale for your response. From the scenario, it was noted that the most significant components of social media campaign according to the level of influence each could have on the new product launch of the tablet are: (1) word of mouth (W.O.M.); and (2) social networks. The social media tools that could provide the highest return on investment (ROI) would therefore depend on accurately identifying the goals of the marketing campaign and to ascertain how much funds or resources have been spent (amount of investment) to generate the targeted return (Developing Social Media Campaigns for the New Product Launch, 2014). Thus, to measure the ability of generating the highest